{"id":1465,"date":"2011-10-19T10:36:59","date_gmt":"2011-10-19T10:36:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.erbugkaya.com\/?p=1465"},"modified":"2014-01-16T22:46:06","modified_gmt":"2014-01-16T22:46:06","slug":"var-olmayani-hayal-etmek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/erbugkaya.com\/?p=1465","title":{"rendered":"Var Olmayan\u0131 Hayal Etmek"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>“Ne olmu\u015ftu? Bu korkun\u00e7 sars\u0131nt\u0131 nas\u0131l bir etki yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131? Mermiyi yapanlar\u0131n becerisi iyi bir sonu\u00e7 elde edilmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f m\u0131yd\u0131? Paris ya da New York’u bir saniyede a\u015fmaya yetecek on bir bin metrelik ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n korkun\u00e7 iti\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nabilmi\u015f miydi? Bu heyecan verici sahnenin binlerce tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kendi kendine sordu\u011fu sorular ku\u015fkusuz bunlard\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar yolculu\u011fun amac\u0131n\u0131 unutmu\u015f, sadece yolcular\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr olmu\u015flard\u0131. \u0130\u00e7lerinden biri merminin i\u00e7ine bir g\u00f6z atabilseydi acaba ne g\u00f6recekti?”<\/em><\/p>\n

Ay’\u0131n \u00c7evresinde Seyahat – Jules Verne<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u0130nsanl\u0131k var oldu\u011fu tarihten bug\u00fcne kadar ger\u00e7ek olmayana ilgisini hep korudu. Masallar, mitolojik efsaneler a\u011f\u0131zdan a\u011fza g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015ft\u0131. Bununla yetinmeyen insan, bilinmeyene olan ilgisini, hayalini kurdu\u011fu bilinmeyeni, olas\u0131 gelece\u011fi yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6kmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Neden? Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyada \u00fcstesinden gelmesi gereken bir\u00e7ok ger\u00e7ek varken neden insan bilinmeyeni, ger\u00e7ek olmayan\u0131 ve hen\u00fcz imk\u00e2ns\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcnen gelece\u011fi bu kadar merak etti? Ger\u00e7ekte var olmam\u0131\u015f topraklarda, var olmam\u0131\u015f yarat\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fine neden kap\u0131ld\u0131? Neden onu deh\u015fete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren bir canavar\u0131n hayalini kurdu? Ya da insan neden kafas\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p g\u00f6zlerini g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne dikti?
\n
\nHayal kurmak gelece\u011fe bakmakt\u0131r, kendini mutlu etmektir, neden mutsuz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek, ger\u00e7e\u011fi farkl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yorumlamakt\u0131r. Hayal kurmak ger\u00e7eklikte deneyemeyeceklerini denemek ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fcnyada kendine ger\u00e7ek bir yol \u00e7izmektir. Jules Verne bug\u00fcnlerin ve daha \u00f6te gelece\u011fin hayalini kurup romanlar\u0131n\u0131 yazarken H.P.Lovecraft korkunun da\u011flar\u0131nda dola\u015f\u0131p kendi \u00f6z\u00fcne kendini tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken J.R.R. Tolkien bamba\u015fka bir yerde iyiyle k\u00f6t\u00fcn\u00fcn sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131rken hepsi ayn\u0131 yerden, bu d\u00fcnya ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lamayan hayal g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden besleniyorlard\u0131. Durmad\u0131lar ve bu hayalleri d\u00fcnyayla payla\u015ft\u0131lar. Hem de bu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n objelerini, kelimelerini kullanarak. O olmayan yerleri, o hen\u00fcz imk\u00e2ns\u0131z gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen gelece\u011fi insanlar\u0131n ak\u0131llar\u0131nda \u015fekillendirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Var olu\u015fumuzdan beri s\u00fcre gelen gelenek bozulmad\u0131 ve insanl\u0131k hayalleriyle gelece\u011fe y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan hayal eder, ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, sorgular, kurgular ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r; insan geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

1900\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda teknolojinin geli\u015fmesiyle olas\u0131 gelece\u011fi, hen\u00fcz ortaya konmam\u0131\u015f bilimsel ger\u00e7ekleri hayal eden bilimkurgu, insanlar\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekti. Art\u0131k bilimkurgu, karde\u015fi fantastik edebiyattan daha \u015f\u00f6hretliydi. Bilimkurgu pop\u00fclerli\u011fini artt\u0131r\u0131rken bilim de geli\u015fti. Ve sonunda II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda arenaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ispat etti. Silahlar, u\u00e7aklar, denizalt\u0131lar, atom bombalar\u0131 bir zamanlar sadece bilimkurgu yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n kelimelerindeyken birden ger\u00e7ek olmu\u015flard\u0131. \u0130nsan, do\u011fas\u0131 sonucu, geli\u015fen teknolojiyi yine kendine kar\u015f\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Oysa bilimkurgu yazarlar\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir durumda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek vahim sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 da kaleme al\u0131p insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uyarm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ve onlar bunu hala yap\u0131yorlar\u2026<\/p>\n

II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 karma\u015fada insanlar\u0131n i\u00e7lerine d\u00f6n\u00fcp huzurlar\u0131n\u0131 korumalar\u0131 gerekiyordu. Ve yard\u0131m \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden J.R.R Tolkien\u2019den geldi.<\/p>\n

\u201c.\u2026yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olan muazzam bir mit\u2026 do\u011fru d\u00fczg\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fcken bir evrenin tan\u0131m\u0131\u2026 ruhun bu \u00e7orak y\u00fczy\u0131lda ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu bir ba\u015fka ger\u00e7eklik.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

John Clute<\/em><\/p>\n

1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tolkien\u2019in Orta D\u00fcnya\u2019s\u0131yla insanlara umudun, dostlu\u011fun hik\u00e2yesi geldi. Y\u00fcz\u00fcklerin Efendisi, edebiyat d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 ikiye ay\u0131rd\u0131. Bir taraf, \u201cBir edebiyat profes\u00f6r\u00fc nas\u0131l olur da b\u00f6yle bir masal yazar,\u201d diyordu. Di\u011fer taraf ise \u00e7oktan Frodo ve Sam ile yola koyulmu\u015f, elflerle tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Gandalf\u2019\u0131n Balrog ile sava\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f, Rohanlarla at s\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fantastik edebiyat, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok okunan y\u00fcz eserinden biri olan bu dev eserle yepyeni bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 68 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131, “ba\u015fkan aday\u0131m\u0131z Gandalf\u201d yazan pankartlar a\u00e7\u0131nca yay\u0131nc\u0131lar g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc fantastik edebiyata dikmi\u015f ve bu edebiyat t\u00fcr\u00fcnde eserler verecek insanlar\u0131 aramaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Art\u0131k bir\u00e7ok yazar\u0131n bamba\u015fka d\u00fcnyalar\u0131, bamba\u015fka \u0131rklar\u0131, bamba\u015fka \u00f6yk\u00fcleri anlat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kimileri taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ocuk masal\u0131 veya ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f edebiyat\u0131 olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan fantastik edebiyat, bu ele\u015ftirel yakla\u015f\u0131ma ra\u011fmen asl\u0131nda, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z hayatta fark edemedi\u011fimiz ger\u00e7ekleri, ba\u015fka d\u00fcnyalarda alternatif ger\u00e7eklikler \u00fcst\u00fcnden sorgulatarak alg\u0131latma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Art\u0131k bamba\u015fka alanlar da bu eserlerin b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcnden etkilenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Sinema ve oyun sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, fantastik edebiyat\u0131n sergiledi\u011fi hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Fantastik ve bilimkurgu edebiyat\u0131, insanlar\u0131n hayal g\u00fc\u00e7lerine y\u00fczlerce yepyeni d\u00fcnya sunuyorken T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de durum neydi? Bilinmeyenin, korkutan\u0131n, kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yanda f\u0131s\u0131ldand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu topraklar\u0131n hayalcileri neler yapt\u0131lar? Fantastik \u00f6\u011feler ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Giritli Aziz Efendi\u2019nin, Ahmet Hamdi Tanp\u0131nar\u2019\u0131n, Peyami Safa\u2019n\u0131n, H\u00fcseyin Rahmi G\u00fcrp\u0131nar\u2019\u0131n ve nicelerinin eserlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmu\u015flard\u0131. Ama fantastik edebiyat\u0131n bir t\u00fcr olarak yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 biraz gecikti. E\u011fitim, maddi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar, diretilen sosyal kayg\u0131lar gibi konular bu gecikmenin sebeplerinden bir ka\u00e7\u0131 olarak say\u0131labilir. Buna ra\u011fmen uzak say\u0131lamayacak bir tarihte, olas\u0131 gelece\u011fin, bilinen ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin i\u00e7inde ve tarihin derinliklerinde fantastik \u00f6\u011felerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaya ve okuyucuyu, belki de fark ettirmeden fantastik edebiyata haz\u0131rlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tolkien\u2019in yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 fantastik edebiyat tarz\u0131nda ilk eserin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yay\u0131mlanma tarihi ise 2002’dir. Bu \u00fclkenin hayalcilerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n elli y\u0131l \u00f6nce verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadelenin ayn\u0131s\u0131,\u00a0 \u00f6n yarg\u0131n\u0131n, y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 zor olan baraj\u0131 vard\u0131. Ama var olmayan\u0131 ve gelece\u011fi hayal edenler \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden, barajda delikler a\u00e7maya ba\u015flad\u0131lar bile. Baraj\u0131n tamamen y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131, bilimkurgu ve fantastik edebiyata dair bu \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131kacak eserlerin hak etti\u011fi yere gelmesi i\u00e7in sadece zamana ihtiya\u00e7 var.<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck fanteziler, mitler ve masallar ger\u00e7ekten de r\u00fcyalara benzer; bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan bilince seslenirler, bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n diliyle, simgeler ve arketiplerle. Kelimeleri kullansalar da, m\u00fczik gibi i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcrler; s\u00f6zel ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p do\u011fruca s\u00f6ylenemeyecek kadar derinde yatan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere giderler. Hi\u00e7bir zaman tam olarak akl\u0131n diline terc\u00fcme edilemezler; onlar\u0131n anlams\u0131z oldu\u011funu, ancak Beethoven\u2019in Dokuzuncu Senfonisini de anlams\u0131z bulan bir Mant\u0131ksal Pozitivist iddia edecektir. Oysa son derece anlaml\u0131d\u0131rlar ve ahlak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, i\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan faydal\u0131 ve pratiktirler.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Ursula K. Le Guin<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026
\nHer ne kadar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n\u0131 Elfler ve Goblinlerle doldurmu\u015f olsak da, karanl\u0131ktan ve \u0131\u015f\u0131ktan Tanr\u0131lar\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n evlerini in\u015fa etmeye cesaret etmi\u015f ve ejderlerin tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 ekmi\u015f olsak da bu bizim hakk\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131. (yerinde ya da yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f) Bu hak azalmad\u0131: h\u00e2l\u00e2 i\u00e7inde yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yasayla yarat\u0131yoruz.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

J.R.R.Tolkien<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0130nsan hayal kurmaktan vazge\u00e7meyecek. Bu, do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fi. O hayal kuruldu, kuruluyor, kurulacak. \u00c7arp\u0131kl\u0131klar, hatalar, ac\u0131lar alternatif yollarla bu hayal sayesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclecek. Daha ba\u015fka yerlerde, hen\u00fcz ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015f gelecekte olabilecek olan\u0131n hayali, insanlar\u0131n kendi i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyalar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe kavu\u015facak ve insanl\u0131k hi\u00e7 ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyiyi hayal edecek, hi\u00e7 ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcye haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olacak.<\/p>\n

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Erbu\u011f Kaya<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Ne olmu\u015ftu? Bu korkun\u00e7 sars\u0131nt\u0131 nas\u0131l bir etki yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131? Mermiyi yapanlar\u0131n becerisi iyi bir sonu\u00e7 elde edilmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f m\u0131yd\u0131? Paris ya da New York’u bir saniyede a\u015fmaya yetecek on bir bin metrelik ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n korkun\u00e7 iti\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nabilmi\u015f miydi? Bu heyecan verici sahnenin binlerce tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kendi kendine sordu\u011fu sorular ku\u015fkusuz bunlard\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar yolculu\u011fun […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[56],"class_list":["post-1465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-serbest-yazi","tag-fantastik-edebiyat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/erbugkaya.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1465","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/erbugkaya.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/erbugkaya.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/erbugkaya.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/erbugkaya.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1465"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/erbugkaya.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2326,"href":"http:\/\/erbugkaya.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1465\/revisions\/2326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/erbugkaya.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/erbugkaya.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1465"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/erbugkaya.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}